Asthma: Achievements and Questions in Front Asthma: achievements and questions in front
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2005),
1 April 2005
,
Page 63-67
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijps.v1.39445
Abstract
Asthma, which is mainly distinguished by airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, is known as one of the most common chronic diseases
worldwide. It also is the most frequent chronic respiratory disorder amongst all age groups. On one side of the asthma story, there are massive investment of time, effort and money, a large number of pharmaceutical and academic research studies, health service modifications and revised guidelines. On the other side, there are unacceptably high, but mostly preventable, morbidity and mortality rates, socio-economic burdens and psychological problems due to asthma. A considerable proportion of doctor’s workload, hospital resources, health utilization costs, days off from school and work are caused by asthma. Our knowledge about this disorder and its complications is still on demand. There are significant questions regarding asthma and its pathophysiology which should be answered. National, regional and local initiatives are needed to be established to help health systems to overcome socio-economic burdens due
to this disease. These could only be done if a clear picture of this respiratory disorder and its management achievements are available. This review article is an
approach to present an image about asthma and its management based on the current understandings of the nature of this disorder.
Keywords:
- Asthma
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Classification
- Management
How to Cite
Salamzadeh, J. . (2005). Asthma: Achievements and Questions in Front: Asthma: achievements and questions in front. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(2), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijps.v1.39445
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Sciences; 2004; p. 278.
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[31] Watson JP, Cowen P, Lewis RA. The relationship between asthma admission rates, routes of admission, and socioeconomic deprivation. Eru Respir J 1996; 9: 2087-93.
[32] Salamzadeh J, Patel MG, Wong ICK, Wright DJ, Chrystyn H. Characteristics of general practices with different asthma prescribing. Pharma J (suppl) 2000, 265: R52.
[33] Gottlieb D J, Beiser AS, O’Connor GT. Poverty, race, and medication use are correlates of asthma hospitalization rates. Chest 1995; 108: 28-35.
[34] Finkelstein JA, Brown RW, Schneider LC, Weiss ST, Quintana JM, Goldmann DA, Homer CJ. Quality of care for pre-school children with asthma: the role of social factors and practice setting. Pediatrics 1995; 95: 389-94.
[35] Duran-Tauleria E, Rona RJ, Chinn S, Burney P. Influence of ethnic group on asthma treatment in children in 1990-1: national cross sectional study. Br Med J 1996; 313: 148-52.
[36] Apter AJ, Reisine ST, Affleck G, Barrows E, ZuWallack RL. The influence of demographic and socioeconomic factors on health-related quality of life in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 103: 72-8.
[37] Gilthorpe MS, Lay-Yee R, Wilson RC, Griffiths RK, Bedi R. Variations in hospitalization rates for asthma among Black and minority ethnic communities. Respir Med 1998; 92: 642-8.
[38] Moudgil, H., Marshall, T. and Honeybourne, T. Asthma education and quality of life in the community: a randomized controlled study to evaluate the impact on white European and Indian subcontinent ethnic groups from socioeconomically deprived areas in Birmingham, UK. Thorax 2000; 55: 177-183.
[39] Salamzadeh J, Patel M, Wong I, Wright D, Chrystyn H. Analysis of the impact of practice characteristics and social deprivation on prescribing quality for asthma. Thorax (suppl.) 1999; 54: A54.
[40] Law MR, Morris JK. Why is mortality higher in poorer areas and in more Northern areas of England and Wales? J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52: 344-52.
[41] Hippisley-Cox J, Hardy C, Pringle M, Fielding K, Carlisle R, Chilvers C. The effect of deprivation on variations in general practitioners’ referral rates: cross sectional study of computerized data on new medical and surgical outpatient referrals in Nottinghamshire. Br Med J 1997; 314: 1458 - 61.
[42] Salamzadeh J, Wong ICK, Hosker HSR, Chrystyn H. A logistic regression analysis of predictors for asthma hospital re-admissions. Iranian J Pharma Res (IJPR) 2003; 2: 5-9.
[43] Salamzadeh J, Wong ICK, Hosker HSR, Chrystyn H. A cox regression analysis of covariates for asthma hospital readmissions. J Asthma 2003; 40: 645-52.
[44] Matthews S, Manor O, Power C. Social inequalities in health: are there gender differences? Soc Sci Med 1999; 48: 49-60.
[45] Sexton M, Althuis MD, Santanello N, Hyndman S, Williams R, Schmeidler D. Sex differences in the use of asthma drugs: cross sectional study. Br Med J 1998; 317: 1434-37.
[46] Yuksel N, Ginther S, Man P, Tsuyuki RT. Underuse of inhaled corticosteroids in adults with asthma. Pharmacother 2000; 20: 387-93.
[47] Heard AR, Campbell DA, Ruffin RE, Smith B, Luke CG, Roder DM. Rehospitalization for asthma within 12 months: unequal rates on the basis of gender at two hospitals. Aust N Z J Med 1997; 27: 669-71.
[48] Mitchell EA, Bland JM, Thompson JMD. Risk factors for readmission to hospital for asthma in childhood. Thorax 1994; 49: 33-6.
[49] Prescott E, Lange P, Vestbo J, Jensen G, Schnohr P, Appleyard M, Nyboe J, Grenbaeck M, Nordestgaard B. Effect of gender on hospital admissions for asthma and prevalence of selfreported asthma: a prospective study based on a sample of the general population. Thorax 1997; 52: 287-9.
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[51] Siroux V, Pin I, Oryszczyn MP Le Moual N, Kauffmann F. Relationship of active smoking to asthma and asthma severity in the EGEA study. Epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 470-7.
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